Satellite Missions Catalogue

Copernicus: Sentinel-2 - 2022

Last updated:Oct 30, 2024

Copernicus: Sentinel-2 imagery in 2022

• January 21, 2022: Part of Mecklenburg–West Pomerania, also known as Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, a state in northeast Germany is featured in this image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission. A portion of the northwest coast of Poland can be seen on the right of the image 1). Given this image was captured in February, it is most likely an onset of a spring bloom. Agricultural and industrial run-off pours fertilisers into the sea, providing additional nutrients algae need to form large blooms.

Figure 1: The icy Szczecin Lagoon, or Szczeciński Lagoon, dominates this week’s image, which was captured on 22 February 2021. An extension of the Oder estuary, the lagoon is shared between Germany and Poland, and is drained (via the Świna, Peene, and Dziwna rivers) into Pomeranian Bay of the Baltic Sea, between Usedom and Wolin. - From the south, it is fed by several arms of the Oder River, Poland’s second-longest river, and several smaller rivers. The distinct line across the lagoon depicts the shipping waterway that connects the port cities of Świnoujście and Szczecin. Several emerald-green algae blooms can be seen in the image, with the most visible near Peenestrom, an arm of the Baltic Sea, on the left of the image. Peenestrom separates the island of Usedom from the mainland and is an important habitat for waterfowl, especially because of its fish population, such as white-tailed eagles and herons. This image is also featured on the Earth from Space video program (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2021), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

• January 26, 2022: An unusual snowstorm has blanketed parts of Turkey and Greece, causing power cuts and chaos on the roads and flight cancellations. These two satellite images, from the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission, show Athens: the image of Figure 2 was captured on 25 January and the image of Figure 3 is from 20 January. 2)

The Sentinel-2 mission image of Athens under snow — Figure 2: The Sentinel-2 mission captured this image of Athens under snow on 25 January 2022 (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

The Sentinel-2 mission image of Athens — Figure 3: The Sentinel-2 mission captured this image of Athens on 20 January 2022 (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

• January 28, 2022: The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission takes us over northwest Lesotho – a small, land-locked country surrounded entirely by South Africa 3). The country’s agricultural system faces a growing number of issues, including a small portion of the land deemed arable, as well as other climate-related vulnerabilities such as drought, floods and extreme temperatures occurring more frequently.

S2-2022_Auto1D — Figure 4: This composite image was created by combining three separate images from the near-infrared channel from the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission over a period of nine months. The first image, captured on 27 November 2020, is assigned to the red channel and represents the onset of the wet summer season; the second from 12 March 2021, represents green, and was captured towards the end of the wet season; and the third from 19 August 2021 covers the blue part of the spectrum, captured during the short, dry season (image credit: This image is also featured on the Earth from Space video program (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2020-21), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

- All other colours visible in the image are different mixtures of red, green and blue, and vary according to the stage of vegetation growth. A distinct pattern emerges due to topographical differences in this mountainous landscape. The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission’s revisit time of just five days, along with the mission’s range of spectral bands, means that changes in plant health and growth can be more easily monitored.

• February 4, 2022: The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission takes us over Batura Glacier – one of the largest and longest glaciers in the world, outside of the polar regions. 4) Glacier shrinkage is a prominent sign of ongoing climate change. However, unlike many glaciers around the world, the glaciers residing in the mountain ranges in Karakoram are not responding to global warming. Their retreating is less than the global average, and in some cases, are either stable or growing. Satellites can help monitor changes in glacier mass, extents, trace area and length of glacier changes through time and derive surface velocity. Learn more about how Copernicus Sentinel-2 can help enhance glacier monitoring.

Sentinel-2 image showing vegetation — Figure 5: This false-colour composite image uses the near-infrared channel of the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission to highlight vegetation, which appears in red. Batura is bordered by several villages and pastures with herds of sheep, goats and cows where roses and juniper trees are quite common. In the upper-right of the image, pockets of cultivated vegetation alongside the Gilgit and Hunza rivers can be spotted. This image, captured on 13 August 2021, is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme (image credit: ESA)

• February 4, 2022: New eruption at Krakatoa Volcano. 5)

volcano eruption from space — Figure 6: A new eruption started at the Anak Krakatoa volcano. The eruption prompted the Anak Krakatau Volcano Observatory to raise the aviation colour code to orange. The eruption started at around 16:15 local time, with a thick column of gas, with possible volcanic ash content, rising to around 200 m above the crater (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

• February 11, 2022: Hereford, which is the county seat of Deaf Smith County in Texas, is widely known for its agriculture industry 6). Circular shapes in the image are an example of centre-pivot irrigation systems, where equipment rotates around a central pivot and crops are watered with sprinklers. This type of irrigation helps farmers manage their watering demands as well as help conserve their precious water sources.

S2-2022_Auto20 — Figure 7: Hereford, and its surrounding colourful patchwork of agricultural fields, is featured in this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image. This composite image over the High Plains in Texas was created by combining three separate Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) images from the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission spanning from 17 March to 21 April 2019. This image is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme (image credit: ESA)

- Shades of red, yellow and green depict changes in vegetation growth at the beginning of the season. Black patches of land indicate very low vegetation for the season, while white signifies a high level of vegetation during these dates. The Normalised Difference Vegetation Index is widely used in remote sensing as it gives scientists an accurate measure of health and status of plant growth.

• February 18, 2022: The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission takes us over Tenerife – the largest of Spain’s Canary Islands 7). Tenerife's weather and climate are heavily influenced by the trade winds blowing from the northeast for most of the year, bringing humidity and precipitation to the north of the island, as well as to the northern slopes of Mount Teide. This effect can be clearly seen in the dark green colours in the image showing vegetation cover.

S2-2022_Auto21 — Figure 8: This image, captured on 31 December 2021, is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme (image credit: ESA)

• March 4, 2022: Today, the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission takes us over the Pyrenees Mountains in southwest Europe. The mountain range forms a natural border between France and Spain with the small, landlocked country of Andorra sandwiched in between 8). The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission is designed to play a key role in mapping differences in land cover to understand the landscape, map how it is used and monitor changes over time.

Figure 9: Earth from Space: Snowy Pyrenees. Stretching from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea on the east to the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) on the west, this international mountain range is 430 km long. The area pictured in this image, captured on 30 January 2022, spans around 120 km from the village of Escallare in the east to Panticosa to the west. This image is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

• March 25, 2022: The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission takes us over Carrara – an Italian city known especially for its world-famous marble, visiblejust above the centre of the image 9). What appears as snow cover on the rugged mountains is actually bright white marble, contrasting with Tuscany’s lush green vegetation. Also featured in this summery image from Sentinel-2 are the towns of Forte dei Marmi, Pietrasanta, Lido di Camaiore and Viareggio.

Figure 10: Sentinel-2 image of the Carrara in the Ligurian Sea region of Italy. This image is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2021), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

Figure 11: Part of Lake Nasser, one of the largest artificial lakes in the world, is featured in this false-colour image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission. This image was created by utilising the near-infrared channel from Copernicus Sentinel-2 to emphasise the scarce vegetation in the area. This helps identify the presence of pivot irrigation fields, visible as circular shapes in the image, with the largest having a diameter of around 750 m. The image is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme (image credit: ESA)

• March 18, 2022: Lake Nasser, visible in the lower-right in black, is a vast lake and reservoir located in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. The lake was created as a result of the construction of the Aswan High Dam across the waters of the Nile in the late-1960s. This ambitious project was designed to provide irrigation to new agricultural developments and attract people to the region. 10)

Figure 12: Part of Lake Nasser, one of the largest artificial lakes in the world, is featured in this false-colour image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission. This image was created by utilising the near-infrared channel from Copernicus Sentinel-2 to emphasise the scarce vegetation in the area. This helps identify the presence of pivot irrigation fields, visible as circular shapes in the image, with the largest having a diameter of around 750 m. The image is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme (image credit: ESA)

• March 30, 2022: Spotted by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission, the Conger ice shelf collapsed in East Antarctica around 15 March. 11)

S2-2022_Auto25 — Figure 13: The region has experienced unusual high temperatures, with the Concordia station reaching a record of -11.8ºC on 18 March; the average high temperatures in March are around -48ºC. While the cause of the collapse of the ice shelf is not clear, global warming is likely a contributing factor (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

• April 01, 2022: Barranquilla, the capital of the Atlántico department in northwest Colombia, is featured in this image taken by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission 12). The urban area of Barranquilla, with airport runways visible south of the city, contrasts with the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta swampy marshes to the east visible in dark green.

Other notable features in the image include the El Guajaro Reservoir, around 50 km southwest of Barranquilla. In addition to sewage discharges, the reservoir receives agricultural runoff, which leads to blooms of harmful microorganisms, otherwise known as cyanobacteria. These types of algae are most likely why the lake appears in emerald green in today’s image. Satellite data from the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission can track the growth and spread of harmful algae blooms in order to alert and mitigate against damaging impacts for tourism and fishing industries.

Figure 14: Barranquilla, Colombia. Owing to large quantities of sediment, as seen by the extensive sediment plume at its mouth and the brownish colour of its waters, the Magdalena requires frequent dredging of its main channel to allow access to Barranquilla’s port for oceangoing vessels. This image, captured with Sentinel-2 in March 2021, was taken just before the onset of the rainy season, which starts in April. The image is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2021), processed by ESA)

• April 8, 2022: The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission takes us over part of Sindh – the third-largest province of Pakistan 13). The colourful image was created by combining three separate images from the near-infrared channel from the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission. The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission is specifically designed to provide images that can be used to distinguish between crop types as well as data on numerous plant indices, such as leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf water content – all of which are essential to accurately monitor plant growth.

S2-2022_Auto27 — Figure 15: The first image, captured on 15 October 2021, is assigned to the red channel; the second from 24 November 2021, represents green, and the third from 13 January 2022 covers the blue part of the spectrum. All other colours visible in the image are different mixtures of red, green and blue, and vary according to the stage of vegetation growth over the four-month period. This image is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2021-22), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

• April 11, 2022: After decades of drought, water levels in Lake Powell, the second-largest humanmade reservoir in the United States, have shrunk to its lowest level since it was created more than 50 years ago, threatening millions of people who rely on its water supply 14). In mid-March 2022, Lake Powell’s elevation dropped to an astonishing 1074 m above sea level – the lowest the lake has been since it was filled in 1980. This drastic drop in water levels is documented in natural-colour images captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission.

Figure 16: Surface area changes of Lake Powell. This animation shows the surface area changes of the reservoir near Bullfrog Marina, approximately 155 km (~90 miles) north from Glen Canyon Dam, between March 2018 and March 2022. Dry conditions and falling water levels are unmistakable in the image captured on 18 March 2022, compared to the 2018 shoreline outlined in the image in yellow (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2018-22), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

Lake Powell elevation graph — Figure 17: Lake Powell elevation. The line graph shows the drastic drop in average water levels in March since 2000, when Lake Powell was at around 1120 m elevation. The current elevation is just a few meters from what is considered the ‘minimum power pool’ – the level at which Glen Canyon Dam is able to generate hydroelectric power. If Lake Powell drops even more, it could soon hit a ‘deadpool’ where water will likely fail to flow through the dam and onto the nearby Lake Mead [chart: ESA, Source: USBR (US Bureau of Reclamation), created with Datawrapper]

• April 29, 2022: Mount Aso, the largest active volcano in Japan, is featured in this image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission 15). Satellite data can be used to detect the slight signs of change that may foretell an eruption. Once an eruption begins, optical and radar instruments can capture the various phenomena associated with it, including lava flows, mudslides, ground fissures and earthquakes. Atmospheric sensors on satellites can also identify the gases and aerosols released by the eruption, as well as quantify their wider environmental impact.

• May 05, 2022: The global trade in agricultural commodities provides food, fuel and fibre to consumers around the world. Commodity production, however, is also linked with negative environmental impacts, including the loss and degradation of forested land. 16)

In a new study published in Science Advances, a team of scientists from Europe and the US, combined detailed shipping data from Trase with corporate disclosures, farm-level production and remote sensing data to better understand how commodity traders source products on the ground, and how this affects the implementation of corporate zero-deforestation commitments 17). Findings to support this article partially come from a recently published study in Science Direct, where the authors identified cocoa plantations in both Ivory Coast and Ghana using satellite data from the Copernicus programme. The team were able to detect cocoa plantations thanks to Sentinel-1’s radar data combined with Sentinel-2’s optical imagery in a big data cloud-computing environment. 18)

Figure 19: Oil palm plantations distribution. This global map shows the potential and detected distribution of oil palm plantations using data from the GOPM (Global Oil Palm Map), image credit: ESA

Figure 20: Taï National Park in the Ivory Coast surrounded by plantations. Taï National Park is a national park in the Ivory Coast that contains one of the last areas of primary rainforest in West Africa. In recent years, the cultivation of cocoa has led to the loss of vast tracts of forested areas in Ivory Coast and Ghana – the largest producers of cocoa in the world (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel-2 data (2020), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

• May 6, 2022: The Rhine River, the longest river in Germany, is featured in this colourful image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission 19). Each colour in this week’s image represents the average NDVI value of an entire season between 2018 and 2021. Shades of red depict peak vegetation growth in April and May, green shows changes in June and July, while blue shows August and September. Colourful squares, particularly visible in the left of the image, show different crop types.

S2-2022_Auto2E — Figure 21: This composite image was created by combining three separate Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) layers from the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission. The NDVI is widely used in remote sensing as it gives scientists an accurate measure of health and status of plant growth. The image is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme (image credit: ESA)

• May 20, 2022: Bonn, one of the oldest cities in Germany, can be seen straddling the Rhine River in the lower half of the image, around 24 km south of Cologne 20). Along the river lies one of the most modern congress centres in Europe: the World Conference Center Bonn. It is here where ESA’s Living Planet Symposium 2022 will take place.

S2-2022_Auto2F — Figure 22: This image, also featured on the Earth from Space video programme, was captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission. With its high-resolution optical camera, it can image up to 10 m ground resolution (image credit: ESA)

• May 24, 2022: Today, at ESA’s Living Planet Symposium, much of the focus was on furthering the uptake of Earth observation and advancing the digital transformation in Africa to address societal challenges. The free and open access to data and services has allowed African institutions to develop applications to monitor water quality in lakes, prepare adaptation measures for agriculture and to monitor biodiversity, for example. 21)

Optical data from the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission have shown that the area of land across the whole continent affected by fire is 80% bigger than previously thought. Satellite data showing burned ground not only reveal damage from wildfires, but also where slash and burn practices have taken place.

Figure 23: Fire burned areas in August 2019. The image shows areas that have been burned by fire. The southern part of Africa is particularly affected (image credit: ESA/CCI Fire Project)

Figure 24: Burn scars near Cape Town. This Copernicus Sentinel-2 image from 26 January 2019 shows fire-scarred land near the Betty’s Bay area of Cape Town in South Africa. This false-colour image has been processed to show burned areas in dark greys and browns, and areas covered with vegetation are shown in red (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2018), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

• June 3, 2022: Puglia (Apulia), the heel of the boot-shaped country, has the longest coastline of any Italian mainland region. Covering almost 20,000 km², it is Italy’s seventh largest region and its coastline, dotted with some of Italy’s finest sandy beaches and azure seas, runs for around 800 km 22). As well as providing detailed information about Earth’s vegetation, the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission is designed to play a key role in mapping differences in land cover to understand the landscape, map how it is used and monitor changes over time.

Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission image of Puglia, Italy — Figure 25: This image, captured on 19 January 2022, the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission takes us over part of Puglia, a region in southern Italy. The image is also featured on ESA’s Earth from Space video programme, (image credit: ESA)

• June 9, 2022: A team of scientists have used satellite data to detect methane plumes from an offshore platform in the Gulf of Mexico. This is the first time that individual methane plumes from offshore platforms are mapped from space 23). Luis Guanter, from the Valencia Polytechnic University, commented, “The results here demonstrate how satellites can detect methane plumes from offshore infrastructure. This represents a breakthrough in the monitoring of industrial methane emissions from space, as it opens the door to systematic monitoring of emissions from individual offshore platforms.”

Copernicus Sentinel-2 image of the Zaap-C platform — Figure 26: This Copernicus Sentinel-2 image, captured on 28 December 2021, shows the location of the Zaap-C offshore platform with many other offshore platforms visible flaring in the area. - Please note that the water vapour columns are very typical on days when flaring is active. It is not the case for the days when the methane fluxes occur (on these days, there is neither flaring nor water vapour), image credit: ESA the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2021), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO

Figure 27: This image shows a methane plume from an offshore platform as detected by the WorldView-3 satellite on 18 December 2021 [image credit: ESA (Data: WorldView-3)]

• June 17, 2022: Part of the Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, which lies along the coast of southeast Alaska, is featured in this image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission 24). Muir Glacier, formerly the most famous of the tidewater glaciers, once rose around 80 m above water and was nearly 3 km wide but has now shrunk and receded and no longer reaches the sea. Glacier Bay is just one of the many areas suffering from the effects of global warming.

Figure 28: In this week's edition of the Earth from Space programme, we explore part of the Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska, with Copernicus Sentinel-2. This image is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme (image credit: ESA)

- The exhibition focuses on the world’s largest mountain glaciers with 90 photographic comparisons displayed alongside scientific data collected during the team’s expedition to the world’s largest mountain glaciers. More information on the exhibition, which is part of a scientific collaboration between ESA and is sponsored by UNESCO, can be found here.

• June 24, 2022: Lake Balkhash, the largest lake in Central Asia, is featured in this false-colour image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission 25). The two parts of the lake are united by a narrow strait, the Uzynaral visible in the centre of the image, with a depth of around 6 m. The sediment plume passing through the Uzynaral Strait is most likely due to waves stirring up sediments from the bottom of the lake. This has led to a higher reflection and thus a brighter water colour in this part of the lake.

S2-2022_Auto38 — Figure 29: A high presence of sea ice can be seen in bright blue-greenish colours especially near the southern shoreline. This colour is due to ice having a higher reflectance in the visible parts of the spectrum than in the near-infrared. Balkhash usually remains frozen from the end of November to the beginning of April, with this image captured on 29 November 2021. This image is also featured on the Earth from Space video programme (image credit: ESA)

• June 27, 2022: The Po River, the longest river in Italy, is hitting record low water levels after months without heavy rainfall. This Copernicus Sentinel-2 animation shows a part of the Po Valley, near Piacenza, and reveals how the river has significantly shrunk between June 2020 and June 2022, (26). The river is used for drinking water, nourishing vast swathes of agricultural land, as well as producing hydroelectric power across northern Italy.

Figure 30: The Po River is normally a wide stretch of murky water (as seen in the June 2020 acquisition) but has now dried up with large expanses of sand exposed (as seen in the June 2022 acquisition). [image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2020-22), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO]

• July 8, 2022: Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, part of the Canary Islands lying in the North Atlantic Ocean, are featured in this false-colour image captured by the Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission 26). Lanzarote has a long history of eruptions and is often referred to as the ‘Island of the 1000 volcanoes’, yet it is actually the least mountainous Canarian Island. Fuerteventura is the oldest island in the Canary Archipelago, having risen between 12 and 20 million years ago owing largely to volcanic activity. 27)

S2-2022_Auto39 — Figure 31: This image, also featured on the Earth from Space video programme, was captured on 24 September 2021. The image was processed by selecting spectral bands that can be used for classifying geological features (image credit: ESA)

• July 25, 2022: Hundreds of residents and tourists have been evacuated from the east Aegean island of Lesbos (also known as Lesvos), Greece, after a wildfire broke out on the morning of 23 July. The fire, which has been raging near the coastal area of Vatera, a popular tourist destination, has burned pine forest, shrubland and cultivated fields. 28)

Figure 32: Captured on 24 July, this Copernicus Sentinel-2 image shows the active fire front which stretches for more than four km. Thick billowing smoke is visible in the image blowing in a southwest direction. The burn scars left across the land can be identified as a reddish-brown colour and cover an area of around 1700 hectares (image credit: ESA, the image contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2022), processed by ESA, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO)

References

1) ”Mecklenburg–West Pomerania, Germany,” ESA Applications, 21 January 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Mecklenburg_West_Pomerania_Germany

2) ”Athens under snow,” ESA Applications, 26 January 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2022/01/Athens_under_snow

3) ”Earth from Space: Lesotho,” ESA Applications, 28 January 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Lesotho

4) ”Earth from Space: Batura Glacier,” ESA Applications, 4 February 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Batura_Glacier

5) ”New eruption at Krakatoa Volcano,” ESA Applications, 4 February 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Week_in_images/Week_in_images_31_January_-_4_February_2022

6) ”Earth from Space: Hereford, Texas,” ESA Applications, 11 February 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Hereford_Texas

7) ”Earth from Space: Tenerife, Canary Islands,” ESA Applications, 18 February 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Tenerife_Canary_Islands

8) ”Earth from Space: Snowy Pyrenees,” ESA Applications, 4 March 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Snowy_Pyrenees

9) ”Earth from Space: Lake Nasser, Egypt,” ESA Applications, 18 March 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Lake_Nasser_Egypt

10) ”Earth from Space: Carrara, Italy,” ESA Applications, 25 March 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Carrara_Italy

11) ”Conger ice shelf collapses,” ESA Applications, 30 March, 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Week_in_images/Week_in_images_28_March_-_1_April_2022

12) ”Earth from Space: Barranquilla, Colombia,” ESA Applications, 01 April 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Barranquilla_Colombia

13) ”Earth from Space: Sindh, Pakistan,” ESA Applications, 08 April 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Sindh_Pakistan

14) ”Dwindling water levels of Lake Powell seen from space,” ESA Applications, 11 April 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-2/Dwindling_water_levels_of_Lake_Powell_seen_from_space

15) ”Earth from Space: Mount Aso, Japan,” ESA Applications, 29 April 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Mount_Aso_Japan

16) Itohan-OsaAbua, Zoltan Szantoi, Andreas Brink,Marine Robuchon,Michael Thiel, ”Detecting cocoa plantations in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana and their implications on protected areas,” Science Direct, Volume 129, October 2021, 107863, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107863

17) Erasmus K. H. J. zu Ermgassen, Mairon G. Bastos Lima, Helen BellfieldAdeline Dontenville, Toby Gardner, Javier Godar, Robert Heilmayr, Rosa Indenbaum, Tiago N. P. dos Reis, Vivian RibeiroItohan-osa AbuZoltan Szantoi, and Patrick Meyfroidt, ”Addressing indirect sourcing in zero deforestation commodity supply chains,” Science Advances, Vol. 8, Issue 17, Published: 29 April 2022, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abn3132

18) ”Tracking agricultural-related deforestation,” ESA Applications, 05 May 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Tracking_agricultural-related_deforestation

19) ”Earth from Space: Rhine River, Germany,” ESA Applications, 06 May 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Rhine_River_Germany

20) ”Bonn, Germany,” ESA Applications, 20 May 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Bonn_Germany

21) ”Africa in the spotlight at Living Planet Symposium,” ESA Applications, 24 May 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/FutureEO/Africa_in_the_spotlight_at_Living_Planet_Symposium

22) ”Earth from Space: Puglia, Italy,” ESA Applications, 3 June 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Puglia_Italy

23) ”Methane emissions detected over offshore platform in the Gulf of Mexico,” ESA Applications, 9 June 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Methane_emissions_detected_over_offshore_platform_in_the_Gulf_of_Mexico

24) ”Earth from Space: Glacier Bay, Alaska,” ESA Applications, 17 June 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Glacier_Bay_Alaska

25) ”Earth from Space: Lake Balkhash,” ESA Applications, 24 June 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Lake_Balkhash

26) ”Po River dries up,” ESA Applications, 27 June 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2022/06/Po_River_dries_up

27) ”Earth from Space: Fuerteventura and Lanzarote,” ESA Applications, 8 July 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Earth_from_Space_Fuerteventura_and_Lanzarote

28) ”Greece battles wildfires on Lesbos island,” ESA Applications, 25 July 2022, URL: https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2022/07/Greece_battles_wildfires_on_Lesbos_island